Emphysema patients are sometimes called ...

Clinical signs

fingers

spots include cigarettes (although actually tar) and 'fluttering' tremor (metabolic

valve) on the wrist if they are carbon dioxide retainers (NOTE: finger << Clubs >> is not a common feature of emphysema). Examination of person >> << shows ruddy complexion (if secondary polycythemia)

selected lips breathing, and central cyanosis. Breast exam >> << shows increased shock music (especially liver)

and hard to probe the top bit (all because of hyperinflation)

decreased breath sounds and audible expiratory wheezing, as well as signs

fluid overload (seen in later stages of disease), such as ulcer

peripheral edema. Classically, clinical examination of the patient shows no emphysematic

crackling open, however, some patients subtle opening airways

'appear' (like a thin crack pulmonary fibrosis or

rough crack fluid or colloidal edema) can be heard. Emphysema patients are sometimes called pink yhlobryuhy. This is because emphysema sufferers may maintain hyperventilation

sufficient level of oxygen in the blood. Hyperventilation explains why mild patients >> << emphysema does not appear cyanotic as chronic bronchitis

(another disorder COPD) often suffer because they are pink

yhlobryuhy (able to support almost normal blood gases through hyperventilation

rather than blue bloaters (cyanosis, poor >> << oxygen in lasix buy the blood). However, any strictly chronic obstructions (COPD)

respiratory disease can lead to hypoxemia (decreased arterial partial pressure of oxygen

, ) and hypercapnia (increased arterial partial pressure of carbon >> << gas), called Blue Bloaters. Blue Bloaters so called

because they have almost normal ventilation drive (by reducing

sensitivity to carbon dioxide secondary to chronic hypercapnia) is

plethoric (red face / cheeks due to polycythemia secondary to chronic hypoxia >> <<) and cyanotic (by reducing the saturation of hemoglobin). << >>